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1. What are the benefits of a Direct Consolidation Loan? Direct Consolidation Loans allow borrowers to combine one or more of their Federal education loans into a new loan that offers several advantages. One Lender and One Monthly Payment Flexible Repayment Options No Minimum or Maximum Loan Amounts or Fees Varied Deferment Options Reduced Monthly Payments Retention of Subsidy Benefits
2. What are the Differences Between FFEL and Direct Consolidation Loan? Borrowers are encouraged to check with their existing loan holders or servicers to find out about consolidation options available to them. Some differences between programs may include:
3. Who is eligible for a Direct Consolidation Loan? To qualify for Direct Consolidation Loans, borrowers must have at least one Direct Loan or Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program loan that is in grace, repayment, deferment, or default status. Loans that are in a in-school status cannot be included in a Direct Consolidation Loan. Borrowers can consolidate most defaulted FFEL and Direct Loan Program loans, if they make satisfactory repayment arrangements with their current loan holder(s) or agree to repay their new Direct Consolidation Loan under the Income Contingent Repayment Plan. Borrowers who do not have Direct Loans may be eligible for a Direct Consolidation Loan if they include at least one FFEL Loan and have been unable to obtain a Federal Consolidation Loan with a FFEL consolidation lender or have been unable to obtain a Federal Consolidation Loan with income-sensitive repayment terms acceptable to them.
4. Can I obtain a Direct Consolidation Loan if I don't have any Direct Loans? Borrowers who do not have any Direct Loans may be eligible for Direct Consolidation Loans if they included at least one FFEL Loan and has been unable to obtain a Federal Consolidation Loan with a FFEL consolidation lender or has been unable to obtain a Federal Consolidation Loan with income-sensitive repayment terms acceptable to them.
5. Can I consolidate a PLUS Loan? Yes, PLUS Loans can be consolidated into a Direct Consolidation Loan.
6. Can I consolidate a Perkins Loan? Yes, it is possible to consolidate Perkins Loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan if borrowers include at least one Direct Loan or Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) in their request. Perkins Loans cannot be included in a Direct Consolidation Loan by themselves. Furthermore, all Perkins Loans consolidated into the Direct Loan Program will be included in the unsubsidized portion of the Direct Consolidation Loan.Borrowers should carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of including a Perkins Loan in a consolidation loan. While the borrowers gain the benefits of the Direct Consolidation Loan Program, they also lose the benefits associated with the Perkins Loan Program. We recommend that you consider the following points prior to making a decision:
The Direct Consolidation Loan Program offers standard, graduated, extended and income contingent repayment plans which may lower monthly payments. NOTE: Lower payments and extended repayment terms can increase the overall finance charges incurred over the life of loan.
7. Can I consolidate health professions loans? Yes, With a Direct Consolidation Loan, borrowers can include certain health profession loans sponsored through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services with other Federal education loans in their Direct Consolidation Loan. Borrowers must include at least one Direct Loan or Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program loan in the Direct Consolidation Loan.
Eligible Health Professions Loans
The Advantages Direct Consolidation Loans offer many advantages to borrowers of health professions loans. These include:
When deciding to consolidate a health professions loans, consider the following advantages:
Issues to Consider Before applying for a Direct Consolidation Loan, consider the following points:
8. Can I consolidate my loans if I am enrolled in school? Yes and No. Effective for Direct Consolidation Loan applications received on or after July 1, 2006, borrowers who are enrolled in school cannot consolidate loans that are in an in-school status. These are loans that have not yet entered or used up the 6-month grace period entitlement. Borrowers still can consolidate loans that are in grace, repayment or deferment Borrowers can add loans to an existing consolidation for up to 180 days after the Direct Consolidation Loan was first disbursed. If more than 180 days has passed, borrowers can apply for a new Direct Consolidation Loan. The new consolidation loan can include the original Direct Consolidation loan and must include another eligible outstanding Federal education loan.
Example: A borrower who has education loans stopped attending school for a year and the loans used up the 6-month grace period and entered repayment. The borrower returned to school and obtained a new loan. While enrolled, the borrower applies for a Direct Consolidation Loan. The Direct Consolidation Loan can include the first group of loans the borrower received, but not the newly received loans. Once the borrower leaves school again he or she can add these new loans to the existing consolidation loan or submit a new Direct Loan Consolidation application to combine the original consolidation loan and the other remaining loans.
9. Can I consolidate an existing consolidation loan? Yes, under two conditions.
10. Can I consolidate my loans that are in grace? Yes, Borrowers who consolidate loans that are in grace may receive a lower interest rate on their Direct Consolidation Loans if they are consolidating variable rate loans. However, once grace status loans are consolidated borrowers lose any remaining grace period. Borrowers receive their first bills within 60 days after the new Direct Consolidation Loan is made. The timing in which an application is submitted is important:
11. What special conditions apply if I am in repayment and just consolidating now? Borrowers in repayment who want to consolidate their Federal education loans should continue making payments until their loan holder notifies them that their loans are paid in full.
12. Can I consolidate jointly with my spouse? No, Effective July, 1 2006 a married couple may no longer obtain a Direct Consolidation Loan as joint borrowers.
13. Can I Consolidate a Defaulted Loan? Generally, Federal education loan(s) in default may be consolidated in a Direct Consolidation Loan if borrowers:
If, before applying for consolidation, borrowers who want to completely clear the default notation from their credit records, they may want to consider another option: loan rehabilitation. Borrowers should contact their loan holders to obtain more information about this option. Borrowers cannot consolidate defaulted loans under these conditions:
Note: Borrowers with defaulted FFEL or Direct Loan Program loans may be liable for collection costs incurred to collect the loans. If the holder of the defaulted loan, which may be either the U.S. Department of Education or a guaranty agency, retains a collection agency to collect defaulted loans, charges imposed by the collection agency may be added to the amount borrowers owe. This means that the amount of the Direct Consolidation Loan may include collection costs of up to 18.5% of the principal and interest outstanding on the defaulted loan. For defaulted Perkins Loans and health professions loans, collection costs may equal as much as the amount owed at the time the defaulted loan is paid off through consolidation.
14. Should I rehabilitate before consolidating my defaulted loan? Rehabilitation or Consolidation? There are many benefits to rehabilitating a defaulted loan before consolidation. If you consolidate a defaulted loan without rehabilitating it , your credit record continues to show a default status on the loan. This is true even after the consolidation loan pays off the defaulted loan in full.
However, if you rehabilitate a defaulted loan before consolidating it , the loan holder will update your credit record to no longer reflect the default status of the rehabilitated loan(s).
Keep in mind that if you default on your loan, you are liable for any collection costs incurred to collect the loan. If you pay off the defaulted loan by taking out a Consolidation Loan, the amount you borrow must be enough to pay off your defaulted loan, including principal, interest, and collection costs. This means that the amount of the new loan may need to be up to 18.5% larger than the principal and interest outstanding on your defaulted loan. Both rehabilitation and consolidation will reinstate your eligibility for additional Federal student aid under Title IV of the Higher Education Act (Pell Grants, FFEL and Direct Loans etc.)
15. What are the consequences of defaulting? Borrowers who fail to make a payment on time are considered delinquent on their Direct Consolidation Loans. Borrowers who do not make payments for 270 days are in default. Defaulting has severe and long-lasting consequences, as follows:
It is important that borrowers with Direct Consolidation Loans stay in touch with the Direct Loan Servicing Center. Default can occur when borrowers fail to keep the Direct Loan Servicing Center up to date on address and name changes, causing billing statements to go astray. In addition, the Direct Loan Servicing Center can offer alternatives when borrowers have trouble making monthly payments. Borrowers may apply for a deferment or forbearance, or change repayment plans.
16. What are the repayment plans? When repaying a Direct Consolidation Loan, you may choose from as many as four repayment plans with various term selections.
If you consolidate more than one loan type (subsidized, unsubsidized and PLUS) you will have one Direct Consolidation Loan with up to two parts: Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized (which includes PLUS) Consolidation Loans. Even with up to two parts of each Direct Consolidation Loan, you make only one payment each month. If (1) you have not chosen a repayment plan, (2) you are not required to pay using ICR, and (3) we determine that you currently have other active Direct Loans, we may assign your new Direct Consolidation Loan(s) to the same repayment plan as your active loan(s). If you do not currently have active Under this plan, you will pay a fixed amount of at least $50 each month for up to 10 to 30 years, based on your total education indebtedness. This plan may result in lower total interest paid when compared to repayment under one of the graduated plans.(See Example A and the Standard and Graduated Repayment Plan Repayment Periods Table) Under this plan, you will pay a minimum payment amount at least equal to the amount of interest accrued monthly for up to 10 to 30 years, based on your total education indebtedness. Your payments start out low, and then increase every two years. Generally, the amount you will repay over the term of your loan will be higher under the Graduated Repayment Plan than under the Standard Repayment Plan. This plan may be beneficial if your income is low now but is likely to steadily increase. (See Example B and the Standard and Graduated Repayment Plan Repayment Periods Table) To qualify for this plan, your Direct Loan balance (your new Direct Consolidation Loan Amount plus other Direct Loans) must be greater than $30,000. Your plan options are:Fixed Monthly Payment Option - Under this plan, you will pay a fixed amount of at least $50 each month for up to 25 years. Repayment under this plan will result in lower total interest paid when compared to graduated plans with similar terms. (See Example C and the Extended Repayment Plan Repayment Periods Table) Graduated Monthly Payment Option - Under this plan, you will pay a minimum payment amount of at least $50 or the amount of interest accrued monthly, whichever is greater, for up to 25 years. Your payments start out low and then increase every two years. Repayment under this plan may provide lower initial monthly payments, although the total interest paid may be greater when compared to plans with similar terms with fixed payments. This plan may be beneficial if your income is low now but is likely to steadily increase. (See Example D and the Extended Repayment Plan Repayment Periods Table) **Extended repayment terms are available to Direct Loan borrower with no outstanding principal or interest balances as of October 7, 1998 and with more than $30,000 in Direct Loans. Income Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan The ICR Plan gives borrowers the flexibility to meet their obligations without causing them financial hardship. Monthly payments are based on borrowers’ annual Adjusted Gross Incomes (AGI), loan balance and family sizes. Income is obtained from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or from an Alternative Documentation of Income Form (discussed below) submitted by the borrowers. (See Example E) To participate in the ICR Plan, borrowers (and if married, their spouse) must sign the Income Contingent Repayment Plan Consent to Disclosure of Tax Information Form. This authorizes the IRS to release borrowers' income information to the Department of Education to calculate monthly payments. Monthly payments are adjusted annually to reflect inflation, family size and income. Monthly payment amounts for some borrowers may not be enough to cover the interest accruing on their loans. This situation is referred to as negative amortization. In such cases, the unpaid interest is capitalized and added to the principal balance once per year. The amount added to the principal balance will never exceed 10 percent of the original Direct Consolidation Loan amount. Once this capitalization limit has been reached, interest continues to accrue but is not capitalized. The capitalization limit does not apply to interest that accrues during deferment or forbearance. The maximum repayment period for the ICR Plan is 25 years, less any time spent in ICR and the Standard repayment plan. Time spent in several other plans may not count toward the 25 year maximum. If the Direct Consolidation Loan is not repaid after 25 years, the unpaid portion is discharged. Borrowers must pay taxes on portions discharged after 25 years. Alternative Documentation of Income Alternative documentation of income is required for Direct Consolidation Loan borrowers if their underlying loans were in the first or second year of repayment when they were consolidated. Alternative documentation includes pay stubs, canceled checks, or, if these are unavailable, signed statements explaining income resources.
17. How is the amount of my payment calculated under the ICR plan? The ICR Plan is designed to keep payments affordable. Generally, borrowers pay the lesser of:
Under the ICR plan, the monthly payment is $0 for borrowers with family incomes that are less than or equal to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services poverty level for their family size. Borrowers whose calculated monthly payment is greater than $0 but less than $5 are required to make a $5 monthly payment. Other borrowers must pay the calculated monthly payment. Until the Department receives income information from the IRS or alternative documentation of income, borrowers' monthly payments are equal to the interest that accrues each month. If they are unable to make the interest-only payments, borrowers may request a forbearance until the first scheduled Income Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan payment is due. The monthly payment in Example E is calculated as follows: Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
NOTE: This example is based on the 2007 income percentage factors and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) poverty level guidelines.
18. Can I change repayment plans? Yes. Most borrowers may change repayment plans at any time. Borrowers who are required to repay under the ICR plan must make three consecutive monthly payments before switching to another plan. There is no limit to the number of times borrowers may change plans.
19. How long does it take to consolidate my loans once I submit my application? The consolidation process generally takes 60-90 days. Using our online Web application can reduce the amount of time it takes to consolidate a borrower's loan.
20. When can I expect my first bill? Borrowers will receive bills from the Direct Loan Servicing Center within 60 days of the first disbursement of their Direct Consolidation Loan.
Borrowers receive monthly billing statements from the Direct Loan Servicing Center, unless they enroll in the Electronic Debit Account (EDA). Borrowers receive a 0.25 percent discount on their interest rate for as long as they continue to make payments using EDA. Borrowers must keep the Direct Loan Servicing Center informed of changes of address and to their names. Borrowers are responsible for making payments on time regardless of whether they receive billing statements. Borrowers should send payments to: U.S. Department of Education
Borrowers may prepay all or part of the unpaid balance on any Direct Loan at any time, without an early repayment penalty. If a borrower makes a payment that exceeds the required monthly payment, the prepayment will be applied first to any charges or collection costs, then to outstanding interest, and last to principal. However, if a borrower's account has no outstanding interest, the prepayment is applied entirely to principal. If the prepayment is twice the borrower's monthly payment, the next payment due date is advanced unless the borrower specifies otherwise. The borrower will be notified of a revised due date.
23. How does Total Education Indebtedness effect the repayment term of my Direct Consolidation Loan? If you elect to repay your Direct Consolidation Loan under either the Standard or Graduated Repayment Plans, your repayment term is determined based on your consolidation loan amount and other eligible education loans that are not part of your Direct Consolidation Loan as long as you provided information about those loans on your application. Here are examples of how Total Education Indebtedness effects the repayment term for your Direct Consolidation Loan. Your Existing Loans:
Examples 1 and 2 assume that you reported all your outstanding education loans on your consolidation application.
In Example 1 you consolidated less that one-half of your eligible outstanding loans. As a result, we base your repayment term on your Direct Consolidation Loan amount plus other eligible indebtedness only in an amount equal to your new Direct Consolidation Loan:
In Example 2 you consolidated more than one-half of your eligible outstanding loans so the calculation of Total Education Indebtedness includes all of your other eligible education loans. The result is a longer repayment term than in Example 1.
Finally, Example 3 illustrates the impact on your repayment term if you did not report all of your outstanding education loans on your Direct Consolidation Loan application. Your repayment plan term is shorter than in Example 1.
Remember that the longer your repayment term the lower your monthly payment will be. However, this usually means that the total interest paid during repayment will be higher. Only you can decide what plan is best for you. And, you can change plans later if your plan no longer suits your needs. Use our convenient online calculator to estimate your number of monthly payments, monthly payment amounts and total interest to be paid for as many different scenarios as you like.
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